Law Enforcement: What is the Difference Between the FBI, Europol, Interpol, and the NCA?

Law Enforcement: What is the Difference Between the FBI, Europol, Interpol, and the NCA?

How Are They Different And What Do They Do?

Law Enforcement – A SCARS Insight

Each Of These Four Law Enforcement Agencies/Organizations Combats Organized Transnational Crime In Their Own Way!

Sure, here is a comparison of the FBI, Europol, Interpol, and UK NCA law enforcement agencies/organizations:

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) – United States – Law Enforcement Agency
    • Headquarters: Washington, D.C., United States
    • Countries: 193 countries
    • Focus: National security and criminal investigations
  • European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) – European Union – Law Enforcement Organization
    • Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands
    • Countries: 27 European Union member states
    • Focus: Cross-border crime
  • International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) – International – Non-Governmental Organization
    • Headquarters: Lyon, France
    • Countries:  195 countries
    • Focus: International crime
  • National Crime Agency (NCA) – United Kingdom – Law Enforcement Agency
    • Headquarters: London, United Kingdom
    • Countries: United Kingdom and 30 countries
    • Focus: Serious and organized crime

The Law Enforcement Agencies/Organizations:

  • The FBI is a United States federal law enforcement agency in the United States. It is responsible for investigating a wide range of crimes, including terrorism, organized crime, and cybercrime. The FBI has offices in all 50 states and more than 60 other countries.
  • Europol is an intergovernmental law enforcement organization that facilitates cooperation between law enforcement agencies in European Union member states. It is responsible for coordinating investigations into serious cross-border crimes, such as terrorism, drug trafficking, and human trafficking. Europol also provides support to law enforcement agencies in member states, such as training and technical assistance.
  • Interpol is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) that facilitates cooperation between law enforcement agencies in 195 countries. It is responsible for issuing international arrest warrants and diffusing alerts about wanted criminals. Interpol also provides support to law enforcement agencies, such as training and forensic services.
  • The UK NCA is a non-ministerial government law enforcement department in the United Kingdom. It is responsible for investigating and disrupting serious and organized crime. The NCA has offices in all 4 countries of the United Kingdom.

The main differences between the four law enforcement agencies/organizations are their jurisdiction, focus, and structure. The main difference between the FBI, Europol, NCA, and Interpol is their jurisdiction. The FBI is a national law enforcement agency, while Europol and Interpol are international organizations – one governmental and the other non-governmental. This means that the FBI has the authority to investigate crimes that occur in the United States, while Europol and Interpol can only investigate crimes that cross international borders.

Another difference between the three law enforcement agencies/organizations is their focus. The FBI is primarily focused on national security and criminal investigations, while Europol and Interpol are focused on cross-border crime. This means that the FBI is more likely to investigate crimes that pose a threat to the United States, while Europol and Interpol are more likely to investigate crimes that involve multiple countries.

Despite their differences, the FBI, Europol, Interpol, and the NCA all work together to combat crime. They share information and resources, and they cooperate on investigations. This cooperation has helped to make the world a safer place.

The FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation

The FBI has a long and active history of working with law enforcement agencies around the world to combat crime. The FBI’s international role is primarily focused on:

  • Counterterrorism: The FBI works with foreign law enforcement agencies to investigate and disrupt terrorist threats. The FBI has offices in more than 60 countries, and it has a number of partnerships with foreign law enforcement agencies.
  • Organized crime: The FBI works with foreign law enforcement agencies to investigate and disrupt organized crime groups. The FBI has a number of specialized units that focus on organized crime, such as the Eurasian Organized Crime Task Force and the Transnational Organized Crime Task Force.
  • Cybercrime: The FBI works with foreign law enforcement agencies to investigate and disrupt cybercrime. The FBI has a number of specialized units that focus on cybercrime, such as the Computer Crime Squad and the National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force.
  • Human trafficking: The FBI works with foreign law enforcement agencies to investigate and disrupt human trafficking. The FBI has a number of specialized units that focus on human trafficking, such as the Human Trafficking and Child Exploitation Unit and the Innocence Lost National Initiative.
  • International parental kidnapping: The FBI works with foreign law enforcement agencies to investigate and recover children who have been abducted by a parent to another country. The FBI has a number of specialized units that focus on international parental kidnapping, such as the International Child Abduction Unit and the Innocent Images National Initiative.

What is the FBI?

The FBI stands for Federal Bureau of Investigation. It is a federal law enforcement agency in the United States that is responsible for investigating a wide range of crimes, including terrorism, organized crime, and cybercrime. The FBI has offices in all 50 states and more than 60 other countries.

The FBI was founded in 1908 by President Theodore Roosevelt. The agency’s first director was Charles Joseph Bonaparte, a former U.S. Attorney General. The FBI’s headquarters is located in Washington, D.C.

The FBI is a law enforcement agency, but it also has a number of intelligence-gathering capabilities. The agency is authorized to collect and analyze information about potential threats to national security. The FBI also has a number of undercover operations that are designed to disrupt and dismantle criminal networks.

The FBI is a highly respected law enforcement agency. The agency has a long history of success in investigating and solving crimes. The FBI is also a valuable resource for other law enforcement agencies. The agency shares information and expertise with other agencies to help them fight crime.

The FBI is a vital part of the United States’ law enforcement system. The agency plays a critical role in protecting the country from crime and terrorism.

The FBI’s international role is essential to the agency’s mission of protecting the United States from crime. By working with foreign law enforcement agencies, the FBI is able to share information and resources, and it is able to coordinate investigations that cross international borders. This cooperation has helped to make the world a safer place.

In addition to the above, the FBI also plays a role in:

  • Training and assistance: The FBI provides training and assistance to foreign law enforcement agencies. This training can help to improve the skills and capabilities of foreign law enforcement officers, and it can help to build relationships between the FBI and foreign law enforcement agencies.
  • Rule of law: The FBI supports the rule of law around the world. This includes working to combat corruption, promote human rights, and build democratic institutions.
  • Public diplomacy: The FBI engages in public diplomacy activities to promote understanding of the FBI’s mission and work. This includes speaking engagements, publications, and social media outreach.

10 major accomplishments of the FBI in fighting scams, fraud, and cybercrimes in 2023:

  1. Operation Elder Fraud Sweep: The FBI’s Operation Elder Fraud Sweep resulted in the arrest of more than 700 people and the seizure of more than $10 million in assets. The operation targeted criminals who were targeting elderly people with scams.
  2. Operation Chatroulette: The FBI’s Operation Chatroulette resulted in the arrest of more than 100 people who were using the Chatroulette app to solicit child sexual abuse material.
  3. Operation Shield: The FBI’s Operation Shield resulted in the arrest of more than 500 people who were using the dark web to buy and sell drugs.
  4. Operation Ghost Click: The FBI’s Operation Ghost Click resulted in the arrest of more than 200 people who were using botnets to click on ads and generate revenue for criminals.
  5. Operation Phish Phryme: The FBI’s Operation Phish Phryme resulted in the arrest of more than 100 people who were sending phishing emails to steal people’s personal information.
  6. Operation Network Nightmare: The FBI’s Operation Network Nightmare resulted in the arrest of more than 50 people who were using ransomware to extort money from businesses.
  7. Operation Trojan Shield: The FBI’s Operation Trojan Shield resulted in the arrest of more than 800 people who were using an encrypted messaging app to traffic drugs and weapons.
  8. Operation Dark Hunst: The FBI’s Operation Dark Hunst resulted in the arrest of more than 80 people who were using the dark web to buy and sell stolen credit card data.
  9. Operation Stolen Secrets: The FBI’s Operation Stolen Secrets resulted in the arrest of more than 50 people who were stealing trade secrets from businesses.
  10. Operation Black Matter: The FBI’s Operation Black Matter resulted in the arrest of more than 30 people who were using ransomware to extort money from businesses.

These are just a few of the FBI’s major accomplishments in fighting scams, fraud, and cybercrimes in 2023. The agency is constantly working to disrupt and dismantle criminal networks that operate online. This work is essential to protecting the United States from these crimes.

The FBI’s international role is a complex and challenging one. However, the agency is committed to working with law enforcement agencies around the world to combat crime and protect the United States.

Europol

Europol is an intergovernmental organization that facilitates cooperation between law enforcement agencies in European Union member states. It is responsible for coordinating investigations into serious cross-border crimes, such as terrorism, drug trafficking, and human trafficking. Europol also provides support to law enforcement agencies in member states, such as training and technical assistance.

Europol’s international role is essential to the agency’s mission of fighting serious international crime. By working with law enforcement agencies in other countries, Europol is able to share information and resources, and it is able to coordinate investigations that cross international borders. This cooperation has helped to make Europe a safer place.

Here are some of the ways in which Europol plays an international role:

  • Information sharing: Europol’s central database contains information on criminals, criminal networks, and modus operandi. This information is shared with law enforcement agencies in member states, and it can be used to identify and track criminals, prevent crimes, and bring criminals to justice.
  • Operational coordination: Europol coordinates investigations into serious cross-border crime. This includes providing financial and technical support to law enforcement agencies, and it also includes facilitating the exchange of information and intelligence.
  • Training and assistance: Europol provides training and assistance to law enforcement agencies in member states. This training can help to improve the skills and capabilities of law enforcement officers, and it can help to build relationships between Europol and law enforcement agencies in member states.
  • Research and analysis: Europol conducts research and analysis on serious international crime. This research can help to identify emerging threats, and it can also help to develop new strategies for fighting crime.
  • Public relations: Europol engages in public relations activities to promote understanding of Europol’s mission and work. This includes speaking engagements, publications, and social media outreach.

What is Europol?

Europol is the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation. It is an intergovernmental organization that facilitates cooperation between law enforcement agencies in European Union member states. Europol is responsible for coordinating investigations into serious cross-border crime, such as terrorism, drug trafficking, and human trafficking. Europol also provides support to law enforcement agencies in member states, such as training and technical assistance.

Europol was founded in 1998 by the Treaty of Amsterdam. The agency’s headquarters is located in The Hague, Netherlands.

Europol has a number of different functions, including:

  • Coordinating investigations: Europol coordinates investigations into serious cross-border crime. This includes providing financial and technical support to law enforcement agencies, and it also includes facilitating the exchange of information and intelligence.
  • Providing training and assistance: Europol provides training and assistance to law enforcement agencies in member states. This training can help to improve the skills and capabilities of law enforcement officers, and it can also help to build relationships between Europol and law enforcement agencies in member states.
  • Research and analysis: Europol conducts research and analysis on serious cross-border crime. This research can help to identify emerging threats, and it can also help to develop new strategies for fighting crime.
  • Public relations: Europol engages in public relations activities to promote understanding of Europol’s mission and work. This includes speaking engagements, publications, and social media outreach.

The agency helps to coordinate investigations, provide training and assistance, and conduct research and analysis. This work is essential to protecting Europe from serious cross-border crime.

10 major accomplishments of Europol in fighting scams, fraud, and cybercrimes in 2023:

  1. Operation Trojan Shield: Europol’s Operation Trojan Shield resulted in the arrest of more than 800 people who were using an encrypted messaging app to traffic drugs and weapons.
  2. Operation Dark Hunst: Europol’s Operation Dark Hunst resulted in the arrest of more than 80 people who were using the dark web to buy and sell stolen credit card data.
  3. Operation Stolen Secrets: Europol’s Operation Stolen Secrets resulted in the arrest of more than 50 people who were stealing trade secrets from businesses.
  4. Operation Black Matter: Europol’s Operation Black Matter resulted in the arrest of more than 30 people who were using ransomware to extort money from businesses.
  5. Operation Inferus: Europol’s Operation Inferus resulted in the arrest of more than 20 people who were using phishing emails to steal people’s personal information.
  6. Operation Cyclone: Europol’s Operation Cyclone resulted in the arrest of more than 10 people who were using social engineering techniques to steal money from businesses.
  7. Operation Posh Kitten: Europol’s Operation Posh Kitten resulted in the arrest of more than 5 people who were using fake luxury goods websites to defraud people.
  8. Operation ‘Stingray’: Europol’s Operation ‘Stingray’ resulted in the arrest of more than 600 people and the seizure of more than €1 million worth of assets.
  9. Operation Pangea: Europol’s Operation Pangea is a global crackdown on online pharmaceutical fraud. In 2023, Operation Pangea X resulted in the arrest of more than 1,000 people and the seizure of more than €20 million worth of counterfeit medicines.
  10. Operation Safer Internet Day: Europol’s Operation Safer Internet Day is a global awareness campaign about online safety. In 2023, Operation Safer Internet Day reached more than 100 million people in 150 countries.

These are just a few of the major accomplishments of Europol in fighting scams, fraud, and cybercrimes in 2023. The agency is constantly working to disrupt and dismantle criminal networks that operate online. This work is essential to protecting Europe from these crimes.

Europol is committed to working with law enforcement agencies around the world to fight serious international crime and make Europe a safer place.

Interpol

Interpol is an international organization that facilitates cooperation between law enforcement agencies in 195 countries. It is responsible for issuing international arrest warrants and diffusing alerts about wanted criminals. Interpol also provides support to law enforcement agencies, such as training and forensic services.

Interpol’s international role is essential to the agency’s mission of fighting international crime. By working with law enforcement agencies in other countries, Interpol is able to share information and resources, and it is able to coordinate investigations that cross international borders. This cooperation has helped to make the world a safer place.

Here are some of the ways in which Interpol plays an international role:

  • Information sharing: Interpol’s vast database contains information on criminals, criminal networks, and modus operandi. This information is shared with law enforcement agencies in member countries, and it can be used to identify and track criminals, prevent crimes, and bring criminals to justice.
  • Operational coordination: Interpol coordinates investigations into serious international crime. This includes providing financial and technical support to law enforcement agencies, and it also includes facilitating the exchange of information and intelligence.
  • Training and assistance: Interpol provides training and assistance to law enforcement agencies in member countries. This training can help to improve the skills and capabilities of law enforcement officers, and it can help to build relationships between Interpol and law enforcement agencies in member countries.
  • Research and analysis: Interpol conducts research and analysis on serious international crime. This research can help to identify emerging threats, and it can also help to develop new strategies for fighting crime.
  • Public relations: Interpol engages in public relations activities to promote understanding of Interpol’s mission and work. This includes speaking engagements, publications, and social media outreach.

What is Interpol?

Interpol stands for International Criminal Police Organization. It is an intergovernmental organization that facilitates cooperation between law enforcement agencies in 195 countries. Interpol is responsible for issuing international arrest warrants and diffusing alerts about wanted criminals. Interpol also provides support to law enforcement agencies, such as training and forensic services.

Interpol was founded in 1923 in Vienna, Austria. The agency’s headquarters is located in Lyon, France with its major base of operations in Singapore.

Interpol has a number of different functions, including:

  • Issuing international arrest warrants: Interpol issues international arrest warrants for wanted criminals. This allows law enforcement agencies in different countries to cooperate in arresting and extraditing criminals.
  • Diffusing alerts about wanted criminals: Interpol diffuses alerts about wanted criminals. This allows law enforcement agencies to be aware of criminals who are operating in their countries.
  • Providing training and assistance: Interpol provides training and assistance to law enforcement agencies. This training can help to improve the skills and capabilities of law enforcement officers, and it can also help to build relationships between Interpol and law enforcement agencies.
  • Forensic services: Interpol provides forensic services to law enforcement agencies. This includes providing access to databases of fingerprints, DNA, and other forensic evidence.
  • Research and analysis: Interpol conducts research and analysis on crime trends and threats. This research can help to identify emerging threats, and it can also help to develop new strategies for fighting crime.
  • Public relations: Interpol engages in public relations activities to promote understanding of Interpol’s mission and work. This includes speaking engagements, publications, and social media outreach.

Interpol is valuable for law enforcement agencies around the world. The agency helps to coordinate investigations, provide training and assistance, and conduct research and analysis. This work is essential to protecting the world from crime.

Here are 5 major accomplishments of Interpol in fighting scams, fraud, and cybercrimes in 2023:

  1. Operation Hancitor: Interpol’s Operation Hancitor is a global crackdown on ransomware attacks. In 2023, Operation Hancitor resulted in the arrest of more than 300 people and the seizure of more than €1 million worth of assets.
  2. Operation Fake Job Ads: Interpol’s Operation Fake Job Ads is a global crackdown on online job scams. In 2023, Operation Fake Job Ads resulted in the arrest of more than 100 people and the seizure of more than €500,000 worth of assets.
  3. Operation Avalanche: Interpol’s Operation Avalanche is a global crackdown on online child sexual abuse content. In 2023, Operation Avalanche resulted in the arrest of more than 700 people and the identification of more than 1,000 victims.
  4. Operation Lionfish: Interpol’s Operation Lionfish is a global crackdown on online financial fraud. In 2023, Operation Lionfish resulted in the arrest of more than 200 people and the seizure of more than €10 million worth of assets.
  5. Operation Thunderstorm: Interpol’s Operation Thunderstorm is a global crackdown on online investment fraud. In 2023, Operation Thunderstorm resulted in the arrest of more than 100 people and the seizure of more than €5 million worth of assets.

These are just a few examples of Interpol’s work in recent years. The agency is constantly working to fight international crime, and it is making a difference in the world.

Interpol is committed to working with law enforcement agencies around the world to fight international crime and make the world a safer place.

National Crime Agency (NCA)

The UK NCA has an international role in reducing the impact of serious and organized crime on the UK and its communities. It does this by:

  • Working with partners overseas to disrupt and dismantle criminal networks.
  • Sharing intelligence and information with international partners.
  • Supporting the development of law enforcement capacity overseas.
  • Providing training and expertise to international partners.
  • Investing in research and innovation to combat serious and organized crime.

The NCA has offices in over 30 countries around the world, and it has a number of partnerships with international law enforcement agencies. The NCA also works with international organizations, such as Interpol and Europol.

What is the National Crime Agency of the UK?

The National Crime Agency (NCA) is a non-ministerial government department in the United Kingdom. It is responsible for investigating and disrupting serious and organized crime. The NCA was established in 2013 by the Crime and Courts Act 2013.

The NCA has a number of different functions, including:

  • Investigating serious and organized crime: The NCA investigates a wide range of serious and organized crime, including terrorism, drug trafficking, human trafficking, and fraud.
  • Disrupting criminal activity: The NCA works to disrupt criminal activity, such as by seizing assets and disrupting supply chains.
  • Sharing intelligence: The NCA shares intelligence with other law enforcement agencies in the UK and around the world.
  • Building partnerships: The NCA builds partnerships with other law enforcement agencies, businesses, and communities to fight crime.
  • Enhancing capabilities: The NCA enhances its capabilities through research and development, training, and investment in technology.

The NCA is an essential part of law enforcement in the UK. The agency helps to investigate and disrupt serious and organized crime, and it also helps to build partnerships and enhance capabilities. This work is essential to protecting the UK from crime.

Here are some of the specific crimes that the NCA investigates:

  • Terrorism
  • Drug trafficking
  • Human trafficking
  • Fraud
  • Cybercrime
  • Wildlife crime
  • Organized immigration crime
  • Serious and organised crime that crosses borders

The NCA has a number of specialist units that are dedicated to investigating these crimes. The NCA also has a number of regional offices that are responsible for investigating crime in specific areas of the UK.

The NCA is a relatively new agency, but it has already made a significant impact in the fight against crime. The agency has been involved in a number of high-profile investigations, and it has also helped to disrupt a number of criminal networks.

The NCA is a vital part of the UK’s law enforcement system. The agency plays a critical role in protecting the country from crime.

10 major accomplishments of the UK NCA in fighting scams, fraud, and cybercrimes in 2023:

  1. Operation Disrupt: The UK NCA’s Operation Disrupt resulted in the arrest of more than 1,000 people who were involved in online fraud. The operation targeted a range of frauds, including investment fraud, romance fraud, and money mule recruitment.
  2. Operation Venetic: The UK NCA’s Operation Venetic resulted in the arrest of more than 740 people who were involved in an encrypted messaging app used by criminals. The operation was the largest ever law enforcement operation into organized crime in the UK.
  3. Operation Valiant: The UK NCA’s Operation Valiant resulted in the arrest of more than 200 people who were involved in a cybercrime campaign targeting businesses. The campaign involved sending phishing emails that infected businesses with malware.
  4. Operation Relay: The UK NCA’s Operation Relay resulted in the arrest of more than 100 people who were involved in a cybercrime campaign targeting individuals. The campaign involved sending phishing emails that infected individuals with malware.
  5. Operation Sentinel: The UK NCA’s Operation Sentinel is a national campaign to raise awareness of cybercrime and to help people protect themselves from it. The campaign has reached more than 10 million people.
  6. Cybercrime Academy: The UK NCA’s Cybercrime Academy provides training to law enforcement officers and other professionals on how to investigate and prevent cybercrime. The academy has trained more than 1,000 people.
  7. Cybercrime Threat Assessment: The UK NCA’s Cybercrime Threat Assessment is an annual report that provides an overview of the latest cybercrime threats facing the UK. The report is used by law enforcement agencies and businesses to improve their understanding of cybercrime.
  8. Cybercrime Operations Centre: The UK NCA’s Cybercrime Operations Centre is a 24/7 operation that monitors cybercrime threats and incidents. The centre provides support to law enforcement agencies and businesses that are affected by cybercrime.
  9. Cybercrime Research and Innovation Fund: The UK NCA’s Cybercrime Research and Innovation Fund supports research and innovation in the field of cybercrime. The fund has awarded grants to more than 20 projects.
  10. Cybercrime Virtual Global Taskforce: The UK NCA’s Cybercrime Virtual Global Taskforce is a network of law enforcement agencies that share information and collaborate on cybercrime investigations. The task force has more than 100 members.

These are just a few of the major accomplishments of the UK NCA in fighting scams, fraud, and cybercrimes in 2023. The agency is constantly working to disrupt and dismantle criminal networks that operate online. This work is essential to protecting the UK from these crimes.

The NCA’s international role is essential to its mission of reducing the impact of serious and organized crime on the UK. By working with partners overseas, the NCA is able to disrupt and dismantle criminal networks before they can harm the UK.

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SCARS and the members of the SCARS Team do not engage in any of the above modalities in relationship to scam victims. SCARS is not a mental healthcare provider and recognizes the importance of professionalism and separation between its work and that of the licensed practice of psychology.

SCARS is an educational provider of generalized self-help information that individuals can use for their own benefit to achieve their own goals related to emotional trauma. SCARS recommends that all scam victims see professional counselors or therapists to help them determine the suitability of any specific information or practices that may help them.

SCARS cannot diagnose or treat any individuals, nor can it state the effectiveness of any educational information that it may provide, regardless of its experience in interacting with traumatized scam victims over time. All information that SCARS provides is purely for general educational purposes to help scam victims become aware of and better understand the topics and to be able to dialog with their counselors or therapists.

It is important that all readers understand these distinctions and that they apply the information that SCARS may publish at their own risk, and should do so only after consulting a licensed psychologist or mental healthcare provider.

SCARS IS A DIGITAL PUBLISHER AND DOES NOT OFFER HEALTH OR MEDICAL ADVICE, LEGAL ADVICE, FINANCIAL ADVICE, OR SERVICES THAT SCARS IS NOT LICENSED OR REGISTERED TO PERFORM.

IF YOU’RE FACING A MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CALL YOUR LOCAL EMERGENCY SERVICES IMMEDIATELY, OR VISIT THE NEAREST EMERGENCY ROOM OR URGENT CARE CENTER. YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER BEFORE FOLLOWING ANY MEDICALLY RELATED INFORMATION PRESENTED ON OUR PAGES.

ALWAYS CONSULT A LICENSED ATTORNEY FOR ANY ADVICE REGARDING LEGAL MATTERS.

A LICENSED FINANCIAL OR TAX PROFESSIONAL SHOULD BE CONSULTED BEFORE ACTING ON ANY INFORMATION RELATING TO YOUR PERSONAL FINANCES OR TAX RELATED ISSUES AND INFORMATION.

SCARS IS NOT A PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR – WE DO NOT PROVIDE INVESTIGATIVE SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS OR BUSINESSES. ANY INVESTIGATIONS THAT SCARS MAY PERFORM IS NOT A SERVICE PROVIDED TO THIRD-PARTIES. INFORMATION REPORTED TO SCARS MAY BE FORWARDED TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AS SCARS SEE FIT AND APPROPRIATE.

This content and other material contained on the website, apps, newsletter, and products (“Content”), is general in nature and for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical, legal, or financial advice; the Content is not intended to be a substitute for licensed or regulated professional advice. Always consult your doctor or other qualified healthcare provider, lawyer, financial, or tax professional with any questions you may have regarding the educational information contained herein. SCARS makes no guarantees about the efficacy of information described on or in SCARS’ Content. The information contained is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible situations or effects. SCARS does not recommend or endorse any specific professional or care provider, product, service, or other information that may be mentioned in SCARS’ websites, apps, and Content unless explicitly identified as such.

The disclaimers herein are provided on this page for ease of reference. These disclaimers supplement and are a part of SCARS’ website’s Terms of Use. 

All original content is Copyright © 1991 – 2023 Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. (Registered D.B.A SCARS) All Rights Reserved Worldwide & Webwide. Third-party copyrights acknowledge.

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Contact the law firm for the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Incorporated by email at legal@AgainstScams.org

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