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Cybercriminal Profiles: Ransomware Hackers – 2024

Cybercriminal Profiles: Ransomware Hacker Understanding Cybercriminals Criminology - A SCARS Institute Insight Author: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract Ransomware cybercriminals are highly skilled, organized, and financially motivated, using sophisticated tactics such as exploiting software vulnerabilities, phishing, and social engineering to carry out their attacks. Often operating within global networks and safe havens with [...]

Negotiating Ransomware, Data Breach, & Cybercrime Payments 2024

Negotiating Ransomware, Data Breach, & Cybercrime Payments Understand Your Options After A Hack How Cybercriminals Work - A SCARS Insight Article Abstract In the wake of cybercrime incidents, organizations confront a critical choice: whether to negotiate with hackers. This comprehensive guide navigates the intricate negotiation landscape with a meticulous approach. Initial steps encompass evaluating the situation, seeking expert advice, and complying with legal reporting. The negotiation strategy involves establishing secure [...]

Calisto Group Organization – Ransomware & Cybercrime Gang – 2023

Calisto Group Organization Ransomware & Cybercrime Gang Organized Crime - A SCARS Insight The Calisto Group Is A Russian State-sponsored Cyberespionage Group Believed To Be Operating Under The Direction Of The Federal Security Service (FSB) The Calisto Group is  also known as Seaborgium, Star Blizzard, ColdRiver, and TA446, Calisto Group Activities: Targeted attacks: The Calisto Group primarily targets military personnel, government officials, think tanks, journalists, and defense-industrial entities in Eastern Europe, the [...]

BazarCall Scams: Call Centers Playing A Roll In Phishing & Ransomware Attacks

BazaCall Scams: Call Centers Playing A Roll In Phishing & Ransomware Attacks Adding Humans To Cybercrime Attacks How Scams Work - A SCARS Special Report The Evolution of Cybercrime Introduction - BazaCall or BazarCall - Same Thing For the past year, security researchers have been waging an online battle against a new 'BazarCall' malware that uses call centers to distribute some of the most damaging Windows malware. The new malware [...]

Ransomware Guide – A U.S. Government Report – DHS CISA December 2020

Understanding Ransomware - A U.S. Government Report U.S.Department of Homeland Security, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Published December 2020 Presented by SCARS Understanding Ransomware - A CISC Guide We want to share this document with the public to help create a greater understanding of these crimes. Our mission is to help educate & prevent cybercrime for individuals and their employers. Overview of Ransomware Ransomware is a form of [...]

SCARS™ CYBER BASICS: Ransomware

SCARS™ CYBER BASICS: Ransomware Ransomware Is A Multi-Billion Dolar Industry This document is written for more technical readers. Ransomware is malware that locks your computer and mobile devices or encrypts your electronic files. When this happens, you can’t get to the data unless you pay a ransom. HOWEVER, THIS IS NOT GUARANTEED AND YOU SHOULD NEVER PAY! What Is Ransomware? Ransomware is a type of malware that prevents you from accessing your computer (or the [...]

SCARS™ Cybersecurity Guide: Protecting Against Ransomware

SCARS™ Cybersecurity Guide: Protecting Against Ransomware All about ransomware Ever wondered what all the ransomware fuss is about? You've heard about it at the office or read about it in the news. Maybe you've got a pop-up on your computer screen right now warning of a ransomware infection. Well, if you’re curious to learn all there is to know about ransomware, you’ve come to the right place. We'll tell you about ransomware’s different forms, how [...]

Scam Fraud and Related Terms Glossary – 2026

Scam Fraud and Related Terms Glossary An Expanded Glossary for Awareness How Scams Work - A SCARS Institute Insight Authors: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract Scam and fraud vocabulary helps victims, families, educators, and support providers recognize the many words used to describe deception, theft, manipulation, and financial exploitation. Terms [...]

Email / Phishing Scams Detection Training Tool – 2026

[raw] Recognising Scam Emails — SCARS Institute Recognising Scam Emails SCARS Institute  ·  Re-Victimisation Prevention Training Would You Spot These Emails? Email remains the most common delivery mechanism for scams, fraud, and malware. This training takes you through six realistic scam emails — each one representing a different deception technique used by criminals every day. You will see the email exactly as it would appear in your inbox, uncover what is actually happening, and test [...]

Combating Cybercrime, Fraud, and Predatory Schemes Against American Citizens – 2026

Combating Cybercrime, Fraud, and Predatory Schemes Against American Citizens United States President Trump Issued a New Executive Order Government Actions - A SCARS Institute Insight Author: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract Cyber-enabled fraud has evolved into a global organized crime problem that causes billions of dollars in losses for American [...]

New U.S. Law – S.3643 – 118th Congress – Will Dramatically Impact Scammers and Terrorists – 2026

New U.S. Law Will Dramatically Impact Scammers and Terrorists S.3643 - 118th Congress The United States Just Changed How Financial Crime Is Defined Governmental Actions - A SCARS Institute Analysis Authors: •  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D., DFin, MCPO, MAnth - Anthropologist, Scientist, Polymath, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. •  Debby Montgomery Johnson, President and CEO of BenfoComplete.com, Online Scam/Fraud Survivors Advocate, Author, Keynote [...]

New United Nations UNODC Report on Corruption and Cybercrime – 2025

New United Nations UNODC Report on Corruption and Cybercrime Corruption - Cybercrime Feedback Loop: How Bribery, Complicity, and Digital Tools Supercharge Transnational Fraud Criminology - A SCARS Institute Insight Authors: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. •  Portions by the UNODC Article Abstract Corruption and cybercrime form a mutually reinforcing system that lowers [...]

Russia/Ukraine Cybercriminal Profile – Scammers & Fraudsters – 2025

Russia/Ukraine Cybercriminal Profile - Scammers & Fraudsters Criminal Profile: Typical Russian/Ukrainian Online Cybercriminal/Scammer/Fraudster Criminology / Cybercriminal Profiles - A SCARS Institute Insight Author: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract A typical Russian or Ukrainian online scammer is described as a tech-savvy adult, commonly male and between 20 and 40, operating from loose [...]

A Letter to Donald J. Trump, President of the United States of America – 2025

A Letter to Donald J. Trump, President of the United States of America A Policy Brief to the Trump Administration A SCARS Institute Initiative September 5, 2025 Hon. Donald J. Trump, 47th President of the United States of America 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia Strengthening U.S. Cybercrime Defense and Victim Support: A Policy Brief Executive summary Cybercrime has outpaced the nation’s current defenses, creating a [...]

The Danger of Scams – 6 Ways Scams Can Hurt You – 2025

The Danger of Scams - 6 Ways Scams Can Hurt You What Are the Dangers from Scams and Scammers? A Practical Guide for Your Online and Physical Safety Online Safety // Cybersecurity - A SCARS Institute Insight Author: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract Scammers pose far greater risks than just [...]

SCARS INSTITUTE SCAM WARNINGS – 2025

SCARS Institute Scam Warnings - Top 20 Scams Fraud & Cybercrime Scam Warnings: The digital age has brought countless conveniences, but it has also created a playground for sophisticated and relentless fraud. From romance scams to cryptocurrency fraud, today’s scammers operate with advanced tools, global reach, and psychological precision. Their tactics continue to evolve, exploiting emotional, financial, and social vulnerabilities with alarming success. Victims span every demographic, but certain groups—such as older adults and [...]

Cryptocurrency Mixers – a Tool Scammers & Cybercriminals Use to Hide Their Stolen Crypto – 2025

Cryptocurrency Mixers - a Tool Scammers & Cybercriminals Use to Hide Their Stolen Crypto Cryptocurrency Mixers: What They Are and Why They Matter to Criminals (Scammers & Cybercriminals,) Victims, and Law Enforcement How Scammers Operate - A SCARS Institute Insight Authors: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. •  Portions from U.S. Secret Service Article Abstract Cryptocurrency [...]

Clone Phishing – Email Scam – 2025

Clone Phishing - Email Scam Unmasking Clone Phishing: A Deceptive Email Cyber Threat Catalog of Scams - A SCARS Institute Insight Author: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract Clone phishing is a sophisticated form of cybercrime where attackers replicate legitimate emails—such as newsletters, invoices, or account notifications—to trick recipients into clicking malicious links or [...]

Com Networks – A New UK Teen Crime Trend + Clockwork Orange Style Scams & Violence – 2025

Com Networks - A New UK Teen Crime Trend + Clockwork Orange Style Scams & Violence UK NCA Warns of Sadistic Com Networks - Online Harm Groups Putting People at Unprecedented Risk New Crime Trend - A SCARS Institute Criminology Insight Authors: •  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D., DFin, MCPO, MAnth - Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. •  Portions from the UK National Crime Centre [...]

United Nations New Crime Classification System for Crime Including Scams Fraud and Cybercrimes – 2025

United Nations New Crime Classification System for Crime Including Scams Fraud and Cybercrimes The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Releases Their New: International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS): Implementation Manual Presented by the SCARS Institute Authors: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. •  United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Article [...]

Fighting Scams, Fraud, and Cybercrimes in the United States Government – Updated 2025

Fighting Scams, Fraud, and Cybercrimes in the United States Government United States Government Entities Involved in Defending Against, Enforcing Laws on, and Prosecuting Scams, Fraud, and Cybercrimes Government & Law Enforcement - A SCARS Institute Insight Author: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract The U.S. government employs a multi-agency approach to combat scams, fraud, [...]

10 Facts About Cryptocurrency That All Scam Victims Should Know – 2025

10 Facts About Cryptocurrency That All Scam Victims Should Know Cryptocurrency and Its Role in Criminal Transactions and Scams How Scams Work - A SCARS Institute Insight Author: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract Cryptocurrencies, while often promoted as revolutionary financial tools, come with significant risks that users must understand. Their irreversible transactions make [...]

SCARS Institute Hypothesis – The Expansion of Fraud is Only Limited by the Availability of Trained Criminals – 2024

Hypothesis: The Expansion of Fraud is Only Limited by the Availability of Trained Criminals The Expansion of Fraud: Is It Limited Only by the Availability of Trained Criminals? Criminology - A SCARS Institute Analysis Author: •  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D., DFin, MCPO, MAnth - Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract The expansion of fraud is increasingly viewed as being [...]

Brazil – An Overview of Scams Scammers & Cybercrime – 2024

Brazil - An Overview of Scams Scammers & Cybercrime Brazil is a Rising Hub for Scams and Cybercrime Organized Crime - A SCARS Institute Insight Author: •  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D., DFin, MCPO, MAnth - Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. •  Portions by Third-Party Sources Article Abstract Brazil has emerged as a significant global hub for cybercrime, with organized criminal [...]

Evil Corp. – A Russian Organized Crime Group – Overview – 2024

Evil Corp. - A Russian Organized Crime Group - Overview Evil Corp (aka Indrik Spider) a Major Russian Cybercriminal Organization Organized Crime - A SCARS Institute Insight Authors: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. •  Portions from the UK National Crime Agency Article Abstract Evil Corp, also known as Indrik Spider, is a notorious Russian cybercrime [...]

Scammer Manipulation Tool Box – 102 Ways Scammers Manipulate Scam Victims – 2024

Scammer Manipulation Tool Box - 102 Ways Scammers Manipulate Scam Victims A Catalog of Manipulative and Control Techniques Used by Scammers How Scams Work - A SCARS Institute Insight Author: •  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D., DFin, MCPO, MAnth - Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract Scammers use a wide array of manipulation and control techniques to exploit their victims [...]

Vigorish Viper Syndicate Organized Crime Group – Cybercrime Gang – 2024

Vigorish Viper Syndicate Organized Crime Group - Cybercrime Gang Organized Dark Web Cybercrime Gang Organized Crime - A SCARS Insight Author: •  SCARS Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract The 'Vigorish Viper' Syndicate is a Chinese cybercriminal organized crime group operating on the dark web, notorious for its involvement in a range of illegal activities including cybercrime, financial fraud, and [...]

Search Engine Scam Ads – How To Spot And Avoid Them – 2024

Search Engine Scam Ads/Advertisements - How To Spot And Avoid Them Understand that Search Engines are also full of Scams! How Scammers Operate - A SCARS Insight Author: •  SCARS Institute Encyclopedia of Scams Editorial Team - Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. •  Portions by the U.S. FBI and ADLOCK Article Abstract Cybercriminals are increasingly using fake or scam ads on search engines [...]

Anti-Scam Test For Your Friends And Family – Helping Them Stay Safe – 2024

Anti-Scam Test For Your Friends And Family - Helping Them Stay Safe Test Your Friends and Family to See If They Know What to Do! How Scams Work - A SCARS Insight Article Abstract Corporations test for scam susceptibility to protect their organizations; you can do the same for your friends and family. This article guides you through two tests designed to assess their awareness and response to phishing and [...]

A Brief History of Malware, Malicious Code, And Computer Viruses – 2024

A Brief History of Malware, Malicious Code, and Computer Viruses Helping Everyone Understand the Cybersecurity Nightmare's Beginnings Criminology - A SCARS Insight Authors: •  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D., DFin, MCPO, MAnth - Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. •  Portions by the FBI Article Abstract The evolution of malware, malicious code, and computer viruses spans decades, from theoretical musings by mathematicians [...]

Preserving The Evidence Of Scams And Safeguarding Justice For Scam Victims – 2024

Preserving The Evidence Of Scams And Safeguarding Justice For Scam Victims Reporting Scams Fraud & Cybercrimes and What to Do Next! Reporting Scams - A SCARS Insight Author: •  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D., DFin, MCPO, MAnth - Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. Article Abstract Preserving evidence is paramount in combating cybercrimes, scams, and frauds. Victims, often acting as digital detectives, [...]

Online Fraud Charter – The UK Government Creates A Historic Agreement On Scams 2023

UK Online Fraud Charter The UK Government Creates A Historic Agreement On Scams 2023 Government Policy - A SCARS Special Report The Online Fraud Charter Is A Voluntary Agreement Between The Government And The Technology Sector To Reduce Fraud On Their Platforms And Services The Online Fraud Charter will address how Online Platforms and Services are increasingly being exploited by criminals for the purposes of fraud and money laundering. Through [...]

Scattered Spider Cybercriminal Collective – SIM Swap Cyberattacks 2023

Scattered Spider Cybercriminal Collective & SIM Swap Cyberattacks How One Cybercriminal Group Steals Your Phone Number and Takes Control of Your Accounts Organized Criminal Enterprise - A SCARS Insight Scattered Spider SIM Swapping Attacks Allow Scammers To Completely Take Over Your Phone And Then All Of Your Accounts! Scattered Spider is a financially motivated cybercriminal group that has gained notoriety for its sophisticated SIM-swapping attacks. Scattered Spider's SIM swapping attacks [...]

PDF Files Are Not As Safe As You Think 2023

PDF Files Are Not As Safe As You Think PDF Files Can Be Used By Criminals To Hack, Deliver Malware, And More! Cyber Basics - A SCARS Insight PDFs: The Most Underestimated Cyber Threat When it comes to personal or business cybersecurity, the focus often falls on sophisticated malware and intricate hacking techniques. However, one usually overlooked vector for cyberattacks is the ubiquitous PDF (Portable Document Format) file. PDFs are [...]

Octo Tempest Cybercrime Gang – Organized Criminal Enterprise Profile

Octo Tempest Cybercrime Gang Transnational Organized Criminal Enterprise Profile How Scammers Operate - A SCARS Insight The Octo Tempest Cybercrime Gang - A Global Cybercriminal/Hacker Group Attacking The Financial Industry What is the Octo Tempest Cybercrime Gang Octo Tempest is a professional organized cybercriminals group that emerged in 2021 and has since become one of the most active and sophisticated threat actors in the global cybersecurity landscape. The group is [...]

QR Code ‘Quishing’ Is The Latest Form Of Phishing Scams 2023

QR Code 'Quishing' Is The Latest Form Of Phishing Scams How Scammers Are Using QR Codes To Scam You! How Scams Work - A SCARS Insight QR Code and 'Quishing' Scams: What They Are, How They Work, and How to Avoid Them QR codes, or quick response codes, are two-dimensional barcodes that can be scanned by smartphones and other devices to access information or perform an action. [...]

FBI WARNING: Plastic Surgery Extortion Scam 2023

FBI WARNING: Plastic Surgery Extortion Scam A Warning About A New Scam That Involves Hacking Plastic Surgery Clinics And Extorting Money From Their Patients FBI WARNING - Presented by SCARS FBI Warning: Cybercriminals are Targeting Plastic Surgery Offices and Patients for Extortion FBI WARNING Alert Number: I-101723-PSA - October 17, 2023 SCARS Introduction to FBI Warning: The FBI Warning is about Cybercriminals are increasingly targeting plastic surgery clinics in order to [...]

Online Safety – Important For Working From Home – A Free SCARS Guide 2023

Online Safety Working From Home Managing Your Home Technology For Safety Online Online Safety - A SCARS Guide Safeguarding Your Home Online Safety & Workspace: A SCARS Guide to Preventing Cybercrime and Scams When Working from Home In the digital age, more people are working from home than ever before and online safety is paramount. While remote work offers numerous benefits, it also exposes individuals to various online risks, including [...]

Nigerian Killer Bee Cybercrime Syndicate – Organized Criminal Enterprise Profile

Killer Bee Cybercrime Syndicate Transnational Organized Criminal Enterprise from Nigeria Profile How Scammers Operate - A SCARS Insight The Nigerian 'Killer Bee' Cybercrime Syndicate - A Criminal Organization & Cybercriminal Group You may have heard of the Nigerian Black Axe but have you ever heard of the Nigerian Kill Bee syndicate? The Nigerian Killer Bee Cybercrime Gang is a group of Nigerian criminals who are involved in a variety of [...]

14K Triad Cybercrime Gang – Organized Criminal Enterprise Profile

14K Triad Cybercrime Gang Transnational Organized Criminal Enterprise from Hong Kong Profile How Scammers Operate - A SCARS Insight The Hong Kong 14K Triad Cybercrime Gang - A Criminal Organization & Cybercriminal Group The 14K triad is a transnational organized crime syndicate that originated in Hong Kong in the 1940s. It is one of the largest and most powerful triads in the world, with an estimated membership of over 20,000 [...]

Cavalcante Cybercrime Gang – Organized Criminal Enterprise Profile

Cavalcante Cybercrime Gang Transnational Organized Criminal Enterprise from Brazil Profile How Scammers Operate - A SCARS Insight The Brazilian Cavalcante Cybercrime Gang - A Cybercriminal Group Attacking The Financial Infrastructure Of Brazil & Latin America Cavalcante Gang: In the ever-evolving landscape of cybercrime, criminal organizations continually adapt, growing more sophisticated and elusive. The Cavalcante cybercrime gang, based in Brazil, is a noteworthy example of a criminal organization that has successfully [...]

Cobalt Cybercrime Gang – Organized Criminal Enterprise Profile

Cobalt Cybercrime Gang Transnational Organized Criminal Enterprise Profile How Scammers Operate - A SCARS Insight The Russian Cobalt Cybercrime Gang - A Global Hacker Group Attacking The Financial Industry What is the Cobalt Cybercrime Gang The Cobalt Cybercrime Gang is a Russian hacker group that has been active since at least 2016. The group is known for its sophisticated and targeted attacks against financial institutions, primarily banks. The Cobalt Cybercrime [...]

Cyberwar – Understanding & Preparing For The Coming Cyberwar – Part 1

Cyberwar  Understanding & Preparing For The Coming Cyberwar - Part 1 Cyberwar Series - A SCARS Insight Cyberwar Is Looming On The Horizon And The Potential Is That Everyone Will Be Affected Cyberwar is not the same as scams, but it certainly can include scams. Introduction to Cyberwar Cyberwar, also known as cyber warfare, is a form of conflict that occurs in the digital realm, primarily through the use of [...]

Catalog Of Social Engineering Traps, Attacks, And Scams

Social Engineering Traps, Attacks, And Scams A SCARS Topic Catalog Psychology of Scams - A SCARS Insight What is Social Engineering? Social engineering is the practice of manipulating people into performing actions or divulging confidential information. It is a type of con or confidence trick for the purpose of information gathering, fraud, or system access. Social engineering attacks can be carried out online, in person, and over the phone. Social [...]

Law Enforcement: What is the Difference Between the FBI, Europol, Interpol, and the NCA?

Law Enforcement: What is the Difference Between the FBI, Europol, Interpol, and the NCA? How Are They Different And What Do They Do? Law Enforcement - A SCARS Insight Each Of These Four Law Enforcement Agencies/Organizations Combats Organized Transnational Crime In Their Own Way! Sure, here is a comparison of the FBI, Europol, Interpol, and UK NCA law enforcement agencies/organizations: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) - United States - Law [...]

Airdrop Cryptocurrency Attack or Scam

Airdrop Cryptocurrency Attack or Scam Airdrops are a Unique Kind of Cryptocurrency Phishing Attack Scam Basics - A SCARS Insight An Airdrop is Typically a Marketing Stunt in the Cryptocurrency Industry in which New Tokens are Sent to Wallets Randomly or as a Reward for a Specific Action but Cybercriminals also use the Same Tactic to Steal Crypto Introduction to Airdrops Airdrops are often used to promote new cryptocurrencies and [...]

Beta Apps – Scam Warning

Beta Phone Apps Beta Apps Are An Imminent Danger - An FBI Cyber Alert Scam Warning - A SCARS Insight Beta Apps - Cyber Criminals Targeting Victims through Mobile Beta-Testing Designated Applications Beta App Danger Beta-testing apps are software applications that are still under development and are normally not yet released to the public. They are often made available to a select group of users who volunteer to test the [...]